Graduated neutral
density or split filters are handy for scenes with extremes of dark and
light. Sunrises and sunsets are examples. In a sunrise, the sunlight on
the horizon can overpower any clouds in the sky. The graduated neutral
density filter allows less of the intense light to pass through that
part of the filter. By using this filter, clouds in the sky are better
defined. The second part of the filter brings out the details and colors
in the foreground. Without the filter, the foreground of a scene with a
sunrise or sunset is usually dark and shadowy. That part of the filter
allows more light in to enhance the foreground.
Polarizing filters
are for taking photos outdoors in bright light conditions. Sunlight on
water, ice, glass, or other reflective surfaces can cause glare. This
filter reduces glare and can alter the color of the sky and water to
make them a deeper blue. Outdoor objects like a wooden deck chair or
leaves or berries on a shrub reflect light. Because of this reflection,
these objects will have duller colors in an unfiltered photo. With a
polarizing filter, the small amount of reflection from things like
berries or leaves is reduced, making the hues more vibrant. Polarizing
filters are much like the lens in polarizing sunglasses. The filter can
be rotated until the aspects of the scene have the depth of color
desired.
A UV (ultraviolet) filter is clear and one that many
photographers will leave on their favorite camera lens to protect the
actual lens from scratches. It can be more useful than that, though.
Without a UV filter, foreground images especially in higher altitude
locations can have bluish casts and not be as sharp. A filter prevents
some of the UV rays from entering the lens. A UV filter can also reduce
some of the haze in a distant landscape.
Dust and other
particulates in the air cause objects in a photo to appear hazy or
unclear. Haze filters have a yellow tint which reduces these effects.
They do not reduce glare like a polarizing filter.
Each of these
filters designed for SLR cameras are useful in their own way for
assisting photographers in taking outstanding outdoor shots.
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